Conjugations
Present Presente
Habits, current states, and general facts.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | estoy | |
| tú | estás | |
| él / ella / usted | está | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estamos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estáis | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | están |
Preterite Pretérito perfecto simple
Actions viewed as completed events in the past.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | estuve | |
| tú | estuviste | |
| él / ella / usted | estuvo | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estuvimos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estuvisteis | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estuvieron |
Imperfect Pretérito imperfecto
Past habits, descriptions, and actions in progress.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | estaba | |
| tú | estabas | |
| él / ella / usted | estaba | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estábamos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estabais | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estaban |
Future Futuro simple
Future events; also used to express a guess about the present.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | estaré | |
| tú | estarás | |
| él / ella / usted | estará | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estaremos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estaréis | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estarán |
Conditional Condicional simple
Hypothetical events and some polite requests.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | estaría | |
| tú | estarías | |
| él / ella / usted | estaría | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estaríamos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estaríais | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estarían |
Present subjunctive Presente de subjuntivo
Used in certain clauses expressing wishes, doubt, feelings, and other non-asserted situations.
| Subject | Verb form | Listen |
|---|---|---|
| yo | esté | |
| tú | estés | |
| él / ella / usted | esté | |
| nosotros / nosotras | estemos | |
| vosotros / vosotras | estéis | |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | estén |
Use ustedes for plural “you” in Latin America. Its verb form matches ellos / ellas. Vos forms are not included. Google voice when available; device voice as a fallback.
Estamos en casa y estamos cansados.
We are at home and we are tired.
Estar commonly expresses location and states. Event locations use ser.
Meaning & usage
- to be (have a temporary or permanent location in space)
- to be present
- to be (denotes a copula, in a transient fashion)
English glosses are a starting point. The meaning of a verb can change with context, a preposition, or se. Read the full dictionary entry ↗
Meanings and conjugation data adapted from English Wiktionary contributors via Kaikki.org / Wiktextract. Frequency scores from wordfreq 3.1.1 by Robyn Speer and contributors. Adapted data is available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Entry source · Sources, download & limitations